Native python functions

 

Native functions

There are functions native to python (or builtin ).

abs (x)

Returns an absolute value

>>>  abs ( - 1 ) 
1

all (iterable)

Returns True if all the elements of an iterable element are True

>>>  list  =  [ True , True , True , 1 ] 
>>>  all ( list ) 
True

any (iterable)

Returns True if at least one element of an iterable element is True

>>>  list  =  [ True , False ,  True ] 
>>>  any ( list ) 
True

bin (x)

Convert an integer to a binary string.

>>>  bin ( 101 ) 
'0b1100101'

callable (object)

Determines if an object is callable .

>>>  callable ( "A" ) 
False 
>>>  callable ( int ) 
True

str.capitalize ()

The capitalize method allows to put a character string in Xxxxx format

>>>  "oLIviER" . capitalize () 
'Olivier'

choice ([])

Returns a value from a random list.

>>>  import  random 
>>>  random . choice ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]) 
3 
>>>  random . choice ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]) 
2

str.count (string)

The count method counts the number of occurrences of the requested search.

>>>  "olive tree" . count ( "i" ) 
2

dir (object)

Specifies the names of the object structure.

>>>  dir ( int ) 
[ '__abs__' ,  '__add__' ,  '__and__' ,  '__class__' ,  '__cmp__' ,  '__coerce__' ,  '__delattr__' ,  '__div__' ,  '__divmod__' ,  '__doc__' ,  '__float__ ' ,  ' __floordiv__ ' ,  ' __format__ ' ,  ' __getattribute__ ' ,  ' __getnewargs__ ' ,  ' __hash__ ' ,  ' __hex__ ' ,  '__index__ ' ,  ' __init__ ' ,  ' __int__ ' , '__invert__', '__long__', '__lshift__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__oct__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real']

str.endswith (str)

The endswith method tests if a string ends with the requested string

>>>  a  =  "olive tree" 
>>>  a . endswith ( "r" ) 
True 
>>>  a . endswith ( "er" ) 
True 
>>>  a . endswith ( "é" ) 
False

eval (expression, globals = None, locals = None)

Execute a string of characters.

>>>  v  =  101 
>>>  eval ( 'v + 1' ) 
102

str.find (string)

The find method finds the first occurrence of the requested search.

>>>  "olive tree" . find ( "i" ) 
2

help (element)

This function returns you information on the use of the element which interests you.

> > > Help ( int )

Help on class int in module __builtin__:

class int (object)
 | int (x = 0) -> int or long
 | int (x, base = 10) -> int or long
 |  
 | Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
 | are given. If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
 | If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
 |  
 | If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
 | Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base. Tea
 | literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
 | The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36. Base 0 means to
 | interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
 | >>> int ('0b100', base = 0)
 | 4

hex

Converts a number to a hexadecimal value.

>>>  hex ( 16 ) 
'0x10'

str.isalnum ()

Returns True if all characters are alphanumeric and there is at least one character. Otherwise False.

>>>  "25" . isalnum () 
True 
>>>  "25b" . isalnum () 
True 
>>>  "25be" . isalnum () 
True 
>>>  "25be @" . isalnum () 
False 
>>>  "-" . isalnum () 
False 
>>>  "_" . isalnum () 
False 
>>>  "" . isalnum () 
False

str.isalpha ()

Returns True if all characters are letters and there is at least one character. Otherwise False

>>>  "x" . isalpha () 
True 
>>>  "-" . isalpha () 
False 
>>>  "12" . isalpha () 
False 
>>>  "jean-claude" . isalpha () 
False 
>>>  "jean claude" . isalpha () 
False 
>>>  "elect" . isalpha () 
True

str.isdigit ()

Returns True if all characters are numeric and there is at least one character. Otherwise False.

>>>  "1" . isdigit () 
True 
>>>  "1.5" . isdigit () 
False 
>>>  "1.5" . isdigit () 
False 
>>>  "3b" . isdigit () 
False 
>>>  "" . isdigit () 
False

str.islower ()

Returns True if all characters are lowercase.

>>>  "olive tree" . islower () 
True 
>>>  "Olivier" . islower () 
False

str.isspace ()

Returns True if there are only spaces and at least one character.

>>>  "" . isspace () 
True 
>>>  "jean louis" . isspace () 
False 
>>>  "" . isspace () 
True

str.istitle ()

Returns True if the string has a title format.

>>>  "Title" . istitle () 
True 
>>>  "Title" . istitle () 
False 
>>>  "Title of my site" . istitle () 
False 
>>>  "Title Of My Site" . istitle () 
True

str.isupper ()

Returns True if all characters are uppercase and there is at least one character.

>>>  "OLIVE TREE" . isupper () 
True 
>>>  "Olivier" . isupper () 
False 
>>>  "OlivieR" . isupper () 
False

str.join (list)

The join method transforms a list into a character string.

>>>  ":" . join ([ "olive tree" ,  "engel" ]) 
'olive tree: engel'

len (s)

Returns the number of items of an object.

>>>  len ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) 
3 
>>>  len ( "olive tree" ) 
7

locals ()

Return a dictionary with the values ​​of the current variables.

>>>  locals () 
{ 'a' :  12 ,  '__builtins__' :  ,  '__PACKAGE__' :  None ,  'i' :  20 ,  'v' :  101 ,  'list' :  [ True ,  False ,  True ],  '__name__ ' :  ' __main__ ' ,  ' __doc__ ' :  None }

str.lower ()

The lower method allows you to put a string of characters in lowercase.

>>>  "OLIVE TREE" . lower () 
'olive tree'

map (function, [])

Execute a function on each item of an iterable element.

>>>  def  add_one ( x ): 
...      return  x  +  1 
...  
>>>  map ( add_one ,  [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) 
[ 2 ,  3 ,  4 ]

max () / min ()

Returns the highest value for max () and lowest for min ()

>>>  max ([ 1 , 3 , 2 , 6 , 99 , 1 ]) 
99 
>>>  max ( 1 , 4 , 6 , 12 , 1 ) 
12

randint ()

Returns a random int.

>>>  import  random 
>>>  random . randint ( 1 , 11 ) 
5

random ()

Returns a random value.

>>>  import  random 
>>>  random . random () 
0.9563522652738929

str.replace (string, string)

The replace method replaces a segment of a character string with another:

>>>  "olive tree" . replace ( "i" ,  "a" ) 
'olavaer'

reverse ()

The reverse method reverses the order of a list.

>>>  x  =  [ 1 , 4 , 7 ] 
>>>  x . reverse () 
>>>  x 
[ 7 ,  4 ,  1 ]

reversed ([])

Returns an inverted iterator.

>>>  list ( reversed ([ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ])) 
[ 4 ,  3 ,  2 ,  1 ]

round (number)

Round off a number.

> > >  Round ( 1 ) 
1.0 
> > >  round ( 1.2 ) 
1.0 
> > >  round ( 1.5 ) 
2.0 
> > >  round ( 1.7 ) 
2.0 
> > >  round ( - 1.7 ) 
- 2.0 
> > >  round ( - 1.2 ) 
- 1.0

shuffle ([])

Randomly shuffle a list.

>>>  import  random 
>>>  x  =  [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] 
>>>  random . shuffle ( x ) 
>>>  x 
[ 2 ,  5 ,  4 ,  1 ,  3 ]

str.startswith (prefix [, start [, end]])

Returns True if the string begins with the given prefix. This prefix can be a tuple. The start and end parameters (optional) test the string at the indicated position. The test is case sensitive.

>>>  "olive tree" . startswith ( "ol" ) 
True 
>>>  "olive tree" . startswith (( "ol" ,  "eng" )) 
True 
>>>  "olive tree" . startswith (( "xxx" ,  "eng" )) 
False 
>>>  "olive tree" . startswith ( "OL" ) 
False 
>>>  "olive tree" . startswith ( "ol"

list.sort ()

The sort method is used to sort a list.

>>>  l  =  [ 5 , 1 , 4 , 2 , 10 ] 
>>>  l . sort () 
>>>  l 
[ 1 ,  2 ,  4 ,  5 ,  10 ]

sorted (iterable)

Sort an iterable element.

>>>  sorted ([ 3 , 2 , 12 , 1 ]) 
[ 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  12 ]

str.split (separator)

The split method transforms a string of characters into a list.

>>>  "olive tree: engel" . split ( ":" ) 
[ 'olivier' ,  'engel' ]

str.splitlines ([keepends])

Returns a list of lines in the string. This method uses universal line feed, line feed is not included, unless you set the keepends parameter to True.

>>>  "olive tree \ n \ n \ engel \ n \ n developer" . splitlines () 
[ 'olivier' ,  '' ,  ' \\ engel' ,  '' ,  'developer' ] 
>>>  "olivier \ n engel \ n developer" . splitlines () 
[ 'olivier' ,  'engel' ,  'developer' ] 
>>>  "olivier \ n \ r engel \ n \ r developer" .
'olivier' ,  '' ,  'engel' ,  '' ,  'developer' ] 
>>>  "olivier \ r \ n engel \ r \ n developer" . splitlines () 
[ 'olivier' ,  'engel' ,  'developer' ] 
>>>  "olivier \ r \ n engel \ r \ n \ r \ n developer" . splitlines () 
[ 'olive tree' ,  'engel' ,  '' ,  'developer'
 \ r \ n \ r \ n developer " . splitlines ( True ) 
[ 'olivier \ r \ n ' ,  'engel \ r \ n ' ,  ' \ r \ n ' ,  'developer' ]

sum (iterable [, start])

Adds the values ​​of an iterable element.

>>>  sum ([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) 
6

str.title ()

Transform the string into a title format.

>>>  "This is a title" . title () 
'This Is A Title'

upper ()

The upper method allows you to capitalize a string of characters.

>>>  "olive tree" . upper () 
'OLIVE TREE'

zip (* iterables)

Used to group list items together in the form of a tuple.

>>>  a  =  [ "olivier" ,  "bruce" ,  "john" ] 
>>>  b  =  [ "engel" ,  "wayne" ,  "Wayne" ] 
>>>  zip ( a , b ) 
[( 'olivier' ,  'engel' ),  ( 'bruce' ,  'wayne' ),  ( 'john' ,  'Wayne' )]